Cosmic
Rays
(by
Alison Wright)
Cosmic rays from outer space
were the first high energy particles ever studied. They gave a tantalizing
glimpse of the subatomic world before accelerators were invented.
A few cosmic rays pass through
your body every second of every day, no matter where you are.
It is difficult to work out
the exact origin of cosmic rays because they are arriving from all directions.
Many were probably thrown into space by supernovae, the huge explosions
of dying stars.
Cosmic rays hitting the outer
atmosphere are mainly fast-moving, high-energy protons. As they hurtle
towards the Earth, they collide with atoms in the air. Some of the collision
energy reappears as the mass of new pairs of particles and antiparticles,
following Einstein's famous equation E=mc2.
Cosmic rays are thus a natural
source of antiparticles - and in 1932 Carl Anderson's studies of cosmic
rays revealed the first antiparticle ever seen, the antielectron, or "positron".
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